University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce, Central Library

Mango (Mangifera indica Linn.) is one of the important fruits in Thailand. Approximately 60% are processed for edible mango products. During processing of mango, by products such as peel and kernel are generated. As seed kernel is not currently utilized for any commercial purposes, it is discarded as a waste. The aim of this research was to survey the available hair dye products on the market and to evaluate the appropriate oil extraction process from fresh and pickled mango seeds due to physicochemical and microbiological properties of extracted oil of mango seeds including investigating the development of hair dye products containing mango kernel oil.
The results of survey market about covered grey hair herbal products showed that. The products are divided into 4 groups :1) covered grey hair shampoo with natural extracts and 2) Covered grey hair cream, 3) Mascara including 4) Serum, Surprisingly, all covered grey hair herbal shampoo contained hydrogen perxide. Some covered grey hair cream brands do not label the detail of chemical substances of the formula. They declare only natural extracts. Anyway, it contained p-phenylenediamine and dimethylamine.Mascara and serum contained urea component which can release formaldehyde classified as a human carcinogen. The most popular product from that particpant liking is covered grey hair cream with rinsing after use. Heance, the covered grey hair product should be developed in cream type. The result shows that component 1 explains a total variance of 59.38% and component 2 explains a total variance of 21.15%. They account for 80.54% of the total variance for the attributes. The factors that consumer concerns in the products are the total variance fr the attributes. The factors that consumer concerns in the products are natural color of products, meeting requirement of the standard, not strong odor, give information of manufactured date and expired date, no hydrogen peroxide and ammonia, give caution or awareness and irritate testing before usage, give claims and benefit of raw material, all sex can use, containing natural ingredient, appropriate price, safety, available and convenient place, feling soft hair after using, online buying, really covered grey hair, have call center and the decreasing price when ordered more, beautiful packaging, giving more bonus or gift inside, give information of claims and benefit of product, having lucky door, accessories in packaging, introduction of product at store, reliable of brand and manufacture and advertisement.
The oil content of the mango seed kernel (MSK) sample was 3.20% (db) Cold pressing gave yield lower than Soxhlet extraction. The viscosity of both fresh and pickled mango kernel ol (MKO) obtained from cold pressed extration (CPE) exhibited more viscous than that that of soxhlet extraction (SE) which consistent to melting point. The color of MKO is slight brownish yellowish. The cold pressed fresh and pickled MKO gave a good quality due to lower peroxide value (PV) and acid value (AV) than that of soxhlet method. The oil from ฉญฎ exhibited higher value of saponification value (SV) and iodine value (IV). Unsaponification matter of ?ษฯ was range from 0.53 to 1.52 percent of totalfat. Fresh and pickled ?ฆษ oil is composed of 32.06-40.09% of total saturated and 59.91-67.94% of total unsaturated fatty acid. The differences in the percent of MUFA, PUFA, n6/n3, C18:1/18:2, PUFA/SFA present in samples of MKO obtained by the different extraction techniques were significant (P<0.05). Palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2) and Linolenic acid (C18:3) are the main fatty acids in all the MSK oil samples extracted by different techniques. fresh MKO obtained from CPE contained 97.3% triacy glycerol (TAG) of the total dry mass of lipids, consisting of 1.2% diacyl glycerol ผDAG) and 1.5% each of free fatty acid (FFA). Pickled MKO obtained from CPE contained 88.2% TAG of the total dry mass of lipids, consisting of 5.2% DAG and 6.6% each of FFA. The pickled MKO showed the highest value of radical scavenging activity consistent to Fe2+-chelating ability and total phenolic content. MKO showed anti-inflammatory ability higher than chlorohexidine. The charateristic infrared spectra of MKO extracted by different techniques are very similar. Both oil from fresh and pickled mango kernel were mildly inhibitory to Trichophyton violaceum (ATCC 24787) and Microsporum audouinii. (ATCC 1008). The developed conditioning cream can cover grey hair with rinsing for 5 times.

This research is supported by grants from University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce, 2017.